[ << Chords ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Top ] | [ > ] |
Keyboards
Keyboard and other multi-staff instruments
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < Keyboards ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ > ] |
Accordion-discant symbols
This snippet has been obsoleted by predefined markup commands, see
’Discant symbols’ in the Notation Reference. It’s still useful as a
simple demonstration of how to combine symbols: the placement of the
symbols added with \markup
can be tweaked by changing the
\translate-scaled
arguments. \translate-scaled
is used
here rather than \translate
in order to let the positioning of
the symbol parts adapt to changes of font-size
.
discant = \markup { \musicglyph "accordion.discant" } dot = \markup { \musicglyph "accordion.dot" } \layout { ragged-right = ##t } % 16 voets register accBasson = ^\markup { \combine \discant \translate-scaled #'(0 . 0.5) \dot } % een korig 8 en 16 voets register accBandon = ^\markup { \combine \discant \combine \translate-scaled #'(0 . 0.5) \dot \translate-scaled #'(0 . 1.5) \dot } accVCello = ^\markup { \combine \discant \combine \translate-scaled #'(0 . 0.5) \dot \combine \translate-scaled #'(0 . 1.5) \dot \translate-scaled #'(1 . 1.5) \dot } % 4-8-16 voets register accHarmon = ^\markup { \combine \discant \combine \translate-scaled #'(0 . 0.5) \dot \combine \translate-scaled #'(0 . 1.5) \dot \translate-scaled #'(0 . 2.5) \dot } accTrombon = ^\markup { \combine \discant \combine \translate-scaled #'(0 . 0.5) \dot \combine \translate-scaled #'(0 . 1.5) \dot \combine \translate-scaled #'(1 . 1.5) \dot \translate-scaled #'(-1 . 1.5) \dot } % eenkorig 4 en 16 voets register accOrgan = ^\markup { \combine \discant \combine \translate-scaled #'(0 . 0.5) \dot \translate-scaled #'(0 . 2.5) \dot } accMaster = ^\markup { \combine \discant \combine \translate-scaled #'(0 . 0.5) \dot \combine \translate-scaled #'(0 . 1.5) \dot \combine \translate-scaled #'(1 . 1.5) \dot \combine \translate-scaled #'(-1 . 1.5) \dot \translate-scaled #'(0 . 2.5) \dot } accAccord = ^\markup { \combine \discant \combine \translate-scaled #'(0 . 1.5) \dot \combine \translate-scaled #'(1 . 1.5) \dot \combine \translate-scaled #'(-1 . 1.5) \dot \translate-scaled #'(0 . 2.5) \dot } accMusette = ^\markup { \combine \discant \combine \translate-scaled #'(0 . 1.5) \dot \combine \translate-scaled #'(1 . 1.5) \dot \translate-scaled #'(-1 . 1.5) \dot } accCeleste = ^\markup { \combine \discant \combine \translate-scaled #'(0 . 1.5) \dot \translate-scaled #'(-1 . 1.5) \dot } accOboe = ^\markup { \combine \discant \combine \translate-scaled #'(0 . 1.5) \dot \translate-scaled #'(0 . 2.5) \dot } accClarin = ^\markup { \combine \discant \translate-scaled #'(0 . 1.5) \dot } accPiccolo = ^\markup { \combine \discant \translate-scaled #'(0 . 2.5) \dot } accViolin = ^\markup { \combine \discant \combine \translate-scaled #'(0 . 1.5) \dot \combine \translate-scaled #'(1 . 1.5) \dot \translate-scaled #'(0 . 2.5) \dot } \relative c'' { c4 d\accBasson e f c4 d\accBandon e f c4 d\accVCello e f c4 d\accHarmon e f c4 d\accTrombon e f \break c4 d\accOrgan e f c4 d\accMaster e f c4 d\accAccord e f c4 d\accMusette e f c4 d\accCeleste e f \break c4 d\accOboe e f c4 d\accClarin e f c4 d\accPiccolo e f c4 d\accViolin e f }
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ > ] |
Simboli di registro della fisarmonica
I simboli di registro della fisarmonica sono disponibili sia come \markup
sia come eventi musicali autonomi (perché i cambi di registro capitano
solitamente tra reali eventi musicali). I registri bassi non sono troppo
standardizzati. I comandi disponibili si trovano nella sezione
«Registri della fisarmonica» della Guida alla notazione.
#(use-modules (lily accreg)) \new PianoStaff << \new Staff \relative { \clef treble \discant "10" r8 s32 f'[ bes f] s e[ a e] s d[ g d] s16 e32[ a] << { r16 <f bes> r <e a> r <d g> } \\ { d r a r bes r } >> | <cis e a>1 } \new Staff \relative { \clef treble \freeBass "1" r8 d'32 s16. c32 s16. bes32 s16. a32[ cis] s16 \clef bass \stdBass "Master" << { r16 <f, bes d>^"b" r <e a c>^"am" r <d g bes>^"gm" | <e a cis>1^"a" } \\ { d8_"D" c_"C" bes_"B" | a1_"A" } >> } >>
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ > ] |
Changing the text for sustain markings
Staff.pedalSustainStrings
can be used to set the text used for
pedal down and up. Note that the only valid strings are those found in
the list of pedal glyphs - the values used this snippet constitute an
exhaustive list.
sustainNotes = { c4\sustainOn d e\sustainOff\sustainOn f\sustainOff } \relative c' { \sustainNotes \set Staff.pedalSustainStrings = #'("P" "P-" "-") \sustainNotes \set Staff.pedalSustainStrings = #'("d" "de" "e") \sustainNotes \set Staff.pedalSustainStrings = #'("M" "M-" "-") \sustainNotes \set Staff.pedalSustainStrings = #'("Ped" "*Ped" "*") \sustainNotes }
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ > ] |
Clusters
Clusters are a device to denote that a complete range of notes is to be played.
fragment = \relative c' { c4 f <e d'>4 <g a>8 <e a> a4 c2 <d b>4 e2 c } << \new Staff \fragment \new Staff \makeClusters \fragment >>
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ > ] |
Controllare il posizionamento delle diteggiature di un accordo
Il posizionamento dei numeri della diteggiatura può essere regolato in modo preciso. Perché l’orientamento funzioni, occorre usare il costrutto per gli accordi <> anche per le note singole. Si può impostare in modo simile l’orientamento dei numeri di corda e delle diteggiature della mano destra.
\relative c' { \set fingeringOrientations = #'(left) <c-1 e-3 a-5>4 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(down) <c-1 e-3 a-5>4 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(down right up) <c-1 e-3 a-5>4 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(up) <c-1 e-3 a-5>4 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(left) <c-1>2 \set fingeringOrientations = #'(down) <e-3>2 \set stringNumberOrientations = #'(up left down) <f\3 a\2 c\1>1 \set strokeFingerOrientations = #'(down right up) <c\rightHandFinger #1 e\rightHandFinger #2 c'\rightHandFinger #4 > }
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ > ] |
Creating slurs across voices
In some situations, it may be necessary to create slurs between notes
from different voices. The solution is to add invisible notes to one of
the voices, using \hideNotes
.
This example is measure 235 of the Ciaconna from Bach’s 2nd Partita for solo violin, BWV 1004.
\relative c' { << { d16( a') s a s a[ s a] s a[ s a] } \\ { \slurUp bes,16[ s e]( \hideNotes a) \unHideNotes f[( \hideNotes a) \unHideNotes fis]( \hideNotes a) \unHideNotes g[( \hideNotes a) \unHideNotes gis]( \hideNotes a) } >> }
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ > ] |
Cross-staff chords - beaming problems workaround
Sometimes it is better to use stems from the upper staff for creating
cross-staff chords, because no problems with automatic beam collision
avoidance then arise. If the stems from the lower staff were used in
the following example, it would be necessary to change the automatic
beam collision avoidance settings so that it doesn’t detect collisions
between staves using
\override Staff.Beam.collision-voice-only = ##t
\new PianoStaff << \new Staff = up \relative c' { << { r4 \override Stem.cross-staff = ##t \override Stem.length = #19 % this is in half-spaces, % so it makes stems 9.5 staffspaces long \override Stem.Y-offset = #-6 % stems are normally lengthened % upwards, so here we must lower the stem by the amount % equal to the lengthening - in this case (19 - 7) / 2 % (7 is default stem length) e e e } { s4 \change Staff = "bottom" \override NoteColumn.ignore-collision = ##t c, c c } >> } \new Staff = bottom \relative c' { \clef bass \voiceOne g8 a g a g a g a } >>
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ > ] |
Tremoli attraverso i righi
Dato che \repeat tremolo
si aspetta esattamente due argomenti musicali per
i tremoli di accordi, la nota o l’accordo che cambiano rigo in un tremolo che
attraversa i righi devono essere posti tra parentesi graffe insieme al
comando \change Staff
.
\new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "up" \relative c'' { \key a \major \time 3/8 s4. } \new Staff = "down" \relative c'' { \key a \major \time 3/8 \voiceOne \repeat tremolo 6 { <a e'>32 { \change Staff = "up" \voiceTwo <cis a' dis>32 } } } >>
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ > ] |
Fine-tuning pedal brackets
The appearance of pedal brackets may be altered in different ways.
\paper { ragged-right = ##f } \relative c'' { c2\sostenutoOn c c2\sostenutoOff c \once \override Staff.PianoPedalBracket.shorten-pair = #'(-7 . -2) c2\sostenutoOn c c2\sostenutoOff c \once \override Staff.PianoPedalBracket.edge-height = #'(0 . 3) c2\sostenutoOn c c2\sostenutoOff c }
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ > ] |
Indicare accordi trasversali al rigo con la parentesi quadrata dell’arpeggio
Una parentesi quadrata dell’arpeggio può indicare che delle note su due righi
diversi devono essere suonate con la stessa mano. Per farlo, bisogna far sì che
PianoStaff
accetti gli arpeggi trasversali ai righi e gli arpeggi siano
impostati nella forma della parentesi quadrata nel contesto PianoStaff
.
(Debussy, Les collines d’Anacapri, m. 65)
\new PianoStaff << \set PianoStaff.connectArpeggios = ##t \override PianoStaff.Arpeggio.stencil = #ly:arpeggio::brew-chord-bracket \new Staff { \relative c' { \key b \major \time 6/8 b8-.(\arpeggio fis'-.\> cis-. e-. gis-. b-.)\!\fermata^\laissezVibrer \bar "||" } } \new Staff { \relative c' { \clef bass \key b \major << { <a e cis>2.\arpeggio } \\ { <a, e a,>2. } >> } } >>
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ > ] |
Modello per combo jazz
Ecco un modello piuttosto complesso, per un gruppo jazz. Si noti che tutti
gli strumenti sono in \key c \major
. Si tratta della tonalità
reale; sarà trasposta automaticamente includendo la
musica all’interno di una sezione \transpose
.
\header { title = "Song" subtitle = "(tune)" composer = "Me" meter = "moderato" piece = "Swing" tagline = \markup { \column { "LilyPond example file by Amelie Zapf," "Berlin 07/07/2003" } } } % To make the example display in the documentation \paper { paper-width = 130 } %#(set-global-staff-size 16) \include "english.ly" %%%%%%%%%%%% Some macros %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% sl = { \override NoteHead.style = #'slash \hide Stem } nsl = { \revert NoteHead.style \undo \hide Stem } crOn = \override NoteHead.style = #'cross crOff = \revert NoteHead.style %% insert chord name style stuff here. jazzChords = { } %%%%%%%%%%%% Keys'n'thangs %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% global = { \time 4/4 } Key = { \key c \major } % ############ Horns ############ % ------ Trumpet ------ trpt = \transpose c d \relative c'' { \Key c1 | c | c | } trpHarmony = \transpose c' d { \jazzChords } trumpet = { \global \clef treble << \trpt >> } % ------ Alto Saxophone ------ alto = \transpose c a \relative c' { \Key c1 | c | c | } altoHarmony = \transpose c' a { \jazzChords } altoSax = { \global \clef treble << \alto >> } % ------ Baritone Saxophone ------ bari = \transpose c a' \relative c { \Key c1 c1 \sl d4^"Solo" d d d \nsl } bariHarmony = \transpose c' a \chordmode { \jazzChords s1 s d2:maj e:m7 } bariSax = { \global \clef treble << \bari >> } % ------ Trombone ------ tbone = \relative c { \Key c1 | c | c } tboneHarmony = \chordmode { \jazzChords } trombone = { \global \clef bass << \tbone >> } % ############ Rhythm Section ############# % ------ Guitar ------ gtr = \relative c'' { \Key c1 \sl b4 b b b \nsl c1 } gtrHarmony = \chordmode { \jazzChords s1 c2:min7+ d2:maj9 } guitar = { \global \clef treble << \gtr >> } %% ------ Piano ------ rhUpper = \relative c'' { \voiceOne \Key c1 | c | c } rhLower = \relative c' { \voiceTwo \Key e1 | e | e } lhUpper = \relative c' { \voiceOne \Key g1 | g | g } lhLower = \relative c { \voiceTwo \Key c1 | c | c } PianoRH = { \clef treble \global << \new Voice = "one" \rhUpper \new Voice = "two" \rhLower >> } PianoLH = { \clef bass \global << \new Voice = "one" \lhUpper \new Voice = "two" \lhLower >> } piano = { << \new Staff = "upper" \PianoRH \new Staff = "lower" \PianoLH >> } % ------ Bass Guitar ------ Bass = \relative c { \Key c1 | c | c } bass = { \global \clef bass << \Bass >> } % ------ Drums ------ up = \drummode { \voiceOne hh4 <hh sn> hh <hh sn> hh4 <hh sn> hh <hh sn> hh4 <hh sn> hh <hh sn> } down = \drummode { \voiceTwo bd4 s bd s bd4 s bd s bd4 s bd s } drumContents = { \global << \new DrumVoice \up \new DrumVoice \down >> } %%%%%%%%% It All Goes Together Here %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% \score { << \new StaffGroup = "horns" << \new Staff = "trumpet" \with { instrumentName = "Trumpet" } \trumpet \new Staff = "altosax" \with { instrumentName = "Alto Sax" } \altoSax \new ChordNames = "barichords" \with { instrumentName = "Trumpet" } \bariHarmony \new Staff = "barisax" \with { instrumentName = "Bari Sax" } \bariSax \new Staff = "trombone" \with { instrumentName = "Trombone" } \trombone >> \new StaffGroup = "rhythm" << \new ChordNames = "chords" \gtrHarmony \new Staff = "guitar" \with { instrumentName = "Guitar" } \guitar \new PianoStaff = "piano" \with { instrumentName = "Piano" midiInstrument = "acoustic grand" } \piano \new Staff = "bass" \with { instrumentName = "Bass" } \bass \new DrumStaff \with { instrumentName = "Drums" } \drumContents >> >> \layout { \context { \Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves } \context { \Score \override BarNumber.padding = #3 \override RehearsalMark.padding = #2 skipBars = ##t } } \midi { } }
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ > ] |
Laissez vibrer ties
Laissez vibrer ties have a fixed size. Their formatting can be tuned
using 'tie-configuration
.
\relative c' { <c e g>4\laissezVibrer r <c f g>\laissezVibrer r <c d f g>4\laissezVibrer r <c d f g>4.\laissezVibrer r8 <c d e f>4\laissezVibrer r \override LaissezVibrerTieColumn.tie-configuration = #`((-7 . ,DOWN) (-5 . ,DOWN) (-3 . ,UP) (-1 . ,UP)) <c d e f>4\laissezVibrer r }
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ > ] |
Modello per pianoforte (semplice)
Ecco un comune doppio pentagramma per pianoforte con un po’ di note.
upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key c \major \time 4/4 a4 b c d } lower = \relative c { \clef bass \key c \major \time 4/4 a2 c } \score { \new PianoStaff \with { instrumentName = "Piano" } << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower >> \layout { } \midi { } }
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ > ] |
Modello per pianoforte con testo al centro
Invece di destinare un rigo a parte alla linea melodica e al suo testo, è possibile collocare il testo al centro di un doppio pentagramma per pianoforte.
upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key c \major \time 4/4 a4 b c d } lower = \relative c { \clef bass \key c \major \time 4/4 a2 c } text = \lyricmode { Aaa Bee Cee Dee } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = upper { \new Voice = "singer" \upper } \new Lyrics \lyricsto "singer" \text \new Staff = lower { \lower } >> \layout { } \midi { } }
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ > ] |
Modello per pianoforte con melodia e testo
Ecco un tipico formato per canzoni: un rigo con linea melodica e testo, e sotto l’accompagnamento per pianoforte.
melody = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key c \major \time 4/4 a b c d } text = \lyricmode { Aaa Bee Cee Dee } upper = \relative c'' { \clef treble \key c \major \time 4/4 a4 b c d } lower = \relative c { \clef bass \key c \major \time 4/4 a2 c } \score { << \new Voice = "mel" { \autoBeamOff \melody } \new Lyrics \lyricsto mel \text \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "upper" \upper \new Staff = "lower" \lower >> >> \layout { \context { \Staff \RemoveEmptyStaves } } \midi { } }
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ > ] |
Removing brace on first line of piano score
This snippet removes the first brace from a PianoStaff
or a
GrandStaff
.
It may be useful when cutting and pasting the engraved image into existing music.
It uses \alterBroken
.
someMusic = { \once \override Staff.Clef.stencil = ##f \once \override Staff.TimeSignature.stencil = ##f \repeat unfold 3 c1 \break \repeat unfold 5 c1 \break \repeat unfold 5 c1 } \score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "right" \relative c'' \someMusic \new Staff = "left" \relative c' { \clef F \someMusic } >> \layout { indent=75 \context { \PianoStaff \alterBroken transparent #'(#t) SystemStartBrace } } }
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ > ] |
Using autochange with more than one voice
Using autochange
with more than one voice.
\score { \new PianoStaff << \new Staff = "up" { << \set Timing.beamExceptions = #'() \set Timing.beatStructure = #'(4) \new Voice { \voiceOne \autoChange \relative c' { g8 a b c d e f g g,8 a b c d e f g } } \new Voice { \voiceTwo \autoChange \relative c' { g8 a b c d e f g g,,8 a b c d e f g } } >> } \new Staff = "down" { \clef bass } >> }
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ Percussion > ] |
Modello per gruppo vocale con riduzione per pianoforte automatica
Questo modello aggiunge una riduzione automatica per pianoforte alla tipica
partitura vocale SATB illustrata in “Modello per complesso vocale”. Si
dimostra così uno dei punti di forza di LilyPond – è possibile usare una
definizione musicale più di una volta. Qualsiasi modifica venga fatta alle note
delle voci (ad esempio, tenorMusic
) verrà applicata anche alla riduzione
per pianoforte.
\paper { top-system-spacing.basic-distance = #10 score-system-spacing.basic-distance = #20 system-system-spacing.basic-distance = #20 last-bottom-spacing.basic-distance = #10 } global = { \key c \major \time 4/4 } sopMusic = \relative { c''4 c c8[( b)] c4 } sopWords = \lyricmode { hi hi hi hi } altoMusic = \relative { e'4 f d e } altoWords =\lyricmode { ha ha ha ha } tenorMusic = \relative { g4 a f g } tenorWords = \lyricmode { hu hu hu hu } bassMusic = \relative { c4 c g c } bassWords = \lyricmode { ho ho ho ho } \score { << \new ChoirStaff << \new Lyrics = "sopranos" \with { % This is needed for lyrics above a staff \override VerticalAxisGroup.staff-affinity = #DOWN } \new Staff = "women" << \new Voice = "sopranos" { \voiceOne << \global \sopMusic >> } \new Voice = "altos" { \voiceTwo << \global \altoMusic >> } >> \new Lyrics = "altos" \new Lyrics = "tenors" \with { % This is needed for lyrics above a staff \override VerticalAxisGroup.staff-affinity = #DOWN } \new Staff = "men" << \clef bass \new Voice = "tenors" { \voiceOne << \global \tenorMusic >> } \new Voice = "basses" { \voiceTwo << \global \bassMusic >> } >> \new Lyrics = "basses" \context Lyrics = "sopranos" \lyricsto "sopranos" \sopWords \context Lyrics = "altos" \lyricsto "altos" \altoWords \context Lyrics = "tenors" \lyricsto "tenors" \tenorWords \context Lyrics = "basses" \lyricsto "basses" \bassWords >> \new PianoStaff << \new Staff << \set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f \partCombine << \global \sopMusic >> << \global \altoMusic >> >> \new Staff << \clef bass \set Staff.printPartCombineTexts = ##f \partCombine << \global \tenorMusic >> << \global \bassMusic >> >> >> >> }
[ << Keyboards ] | [Inizio][Contenuti] | [ Percussion >> ] |
[ < ] | [ Su : Keyboards ] | [ Percussion > ] |